Resumen
Resumen:
El texto analiza cómo y por qué, al iniciar el siglo XX, las mujeres llegan a constituir
la gran mayoría del personal docente de las escuelas primarias ubicadas en el Distrito
Federal. Se abordan tanto las tendencias en cifras en el periodo, los criterios de con-
tratación y ascenso, el perfil profesional del personal docente por sexo, como los
discursos en torno a las mujeres y la enseñanza. En 1875, 56.8% del personal docen-
te eran mujeres; treinta años después, de mil 46 docentes, 76.2% eran mujeres. Dos
factores fueron decisivos: a) se abrieron espacios educativos para que las niñas estu-
diaran la primaria, en igual cantidad que sus compañeros, lo que repercutió en espa-
cios laborales para las maestras; y b) los hombres no se interesaron por estudiar la
carrera normalista y había una importante cantidad de profesoras certificadas. Al
final, analizo los discursos acerca de la diferencia sexual.
Abstract:
The paper analyzes how and why, in the early 20th century, women came to constitute
the majority of elementary school teachers in Mexico City. A study is made of the
statistical tendencies during the time period, the criteria for hiring and promotion,
and the professional profile of teachers by sex, as well as the discourses on women
and teaching. In 1875, 56.8% of all teachers were women; thirty years later, out of
1,046 teachers, 76.2% were women. Two factors were decisive: a) educational
opportunities were created for girls to attend elementary school in numbers equal to
their male classmates, reflected in employment opportunities for female teachers;
and b) men became uninterested in attending normal school, while a large numbers
of female teachers were certified. In conclusion, I analyze the discourses on sexual
difference.
